大学英语之汉译英——固定句型

汉译英部分常设考点有以下几种：固定句型(包括固定短语和搭配、固定句型结构以及 it 作形式主 语或形式宾语)、三大从句、被动语态、比较结构、虚拟语气等。

今天讲解第一种固定句型：

汉译英除了会考查固定短语和搭配，还涉及一些固定句型结构。在汉译英翻译过程中可以把 it 作形式主语的相关用法看作固定句型。熟悉各类固定句型、固定短语和搭配，多做翻译练习、培养语感是突破此考点的主要方法。接下来重点讲解考试中常见的固定句型。

1. it 句型

【典例再现】

例 1：据报道，科学家们已经成功地找到解决问题的方法了。

分析：“据报道、据说、据认为”常选用 it 句型，译成 it is reported/said/believed...;做某事的方法用 the way to do sth.;截止到说话时已完成的动作，需用 have done。

译文：It is reported that scientists have already found the way to solve the problem successfully.

例 2：直到 20 世纪初，人类才开始探索太空。

分析：“直到……才”用 not...until，且该题强调时间，可用强调句型，即 It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分;根据时间状语“20 世纪初”可知时态是过去时。

译文：It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that man began to explore the outer space.

【拓展句型】(加粗为重点记忆句型)

(1) It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain…) that... ……是很清楚(显然，真实，可能，肯定)的，如：It is clear that he is tall like a tree.

(2) It is important (necessary, right, natural...) that ... 做……很重要(必要、正确、自然……)，如：It is important that we (should) learn English well.

(注：该句型中，从句谓语用虚拟语气，用(should)+动词原形)

(3) It is said (reported, learned, believed; suggested, ordered, demanded…) that … 据说(据报道、

据悉、认为;建议、命令、要求……)，如：It is suggested that the book (should) be revised.

(注：当 V.-ed 为 suggested, ordered, demanded, insisted 等表示“建议、命令、要求、坚持认为”的词，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，用(should)+动词原形)

(4) It is useless/no use/no good + doing sth. 做……没有用(没有好处)，如：

It’s no use talking with him, because he won’t listen.

(5) It takes sb. ... to do sth. 做……要花费某人……，如：

It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.

(6) It is/was the first time that sb. have/has/had done sth. 是某人第一次做……，如：

It’s the first time that I have studied abroad.

(7) It + is (about/high) time + (that) sb. did/should do sth. 是某人做……的时候了，如：

It’s (high/about) time (that) we handed in/should hand in our homework.

(注：该句型中，that 从句用 should 或动词一般过去时表虚拟)

(8) 强调句：It is + 被强调部分 + that ...，如：

It was last week that I met an old friend in the street.

延伸：not....until 的强调

It isn’t/wasn’t until…that...直到……才……

It wasn’t until yesterday that I got your letter.

(9) it 其他常见用法：

It looks / appears as if ... 看起来好像……

It seems that ... 似乎……

It occurs to/strikes sb. that ... 突然想到……

It happened that ... 碰巧……

It is no wonder that 难怪……

It’s likely that… 很可能……

It can’t be denied that.... 不可否认……

2. there be 句型

【典例再现】

例 1：由于下大雨，到处都出现了交通阻塞。

分析：此句没有明显的主谓结构，可用 there be 句型，表示“有”;“由于”可翻译成 because of 短语或 because 引导从句。

译文：Because of the heavy rain/Because it rains heavily, there are traffic jams everywhere.

例 2：毫无疑问，他的新理论有助于揭开人类大脑之谜。

分析：“毫无疑问”用 there be 句型，即 there is no doubt that。

译文：There is no doubt that his new theory can help unlock some secrets of the human brain.

【拓展句型】(加粗为重点记忆句型)

There is some/no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事(没)有困难

There’s no doubt of sth./that... 毫无疑问……

There is no point/sense/good/use in doing sth. 做某事没有意义/道理/好处/用处

There is no need for sb. to do sth. 某人没必要做某事

There is no chance/possibility to do sth./of doing sth. 没有做某事的机会/可能性

There is no denying that ... 不可否认……

There used to be ... 过去有……

There appears/seems to be ... 看起来(似乎，好像)……

There happens to be ... 碰巧有……

3. so... that 句型

【典例再现】

例：这些植物如此珍贵，我会尽我所能来挽救它们。

分析：“如此……(以至于)”考查 so... that...结构;“尽我所能”可翻译成 whatever I can。

译文：These plants are so valuable that I will do whatever I can to save them.

【拓展句型】(加粗为重点记忆句型)

除了以上三种常考类型，接下来为考生总结一些其他固定句型，考生在课下多注意积累、识记，以运用到翻译和写作中，增加亮点。

(1) too…to… 太……而不能……，如：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.

(2) can’t … too +adj. 无论……也不为过，如：You cannot be too careful.

(3) When it comes to … 当谈到……，如：When it comes to repairing machines, I have no knowledge of it.

(4) as an old saying goes… 俗话说……，如：Just as an old saying goes, practice makes perfect.

(5) Word/News came that …消息传来，如：Word/News came that the president would pay a visit to our city.

(6) Time permitting, … 时间允许的话……，如：Time permitting, I will call on you this Saturday.

(7) would rather do sth. than do sth. = would do sth. rather than do sth. = prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. = prefer doing sth. to doing sth.宁愿做……而不愿做……，如：I would rather remain poor than get money by dishonest way.

(8) 感叹句型

What a/an + Adj. + N + S + V!(名词为可数名词单数)

What + Adj. + N+ S + V!(名词为可数名词复数或不可数名词)

How + Adj. + a/an/the + N + S+ V! 多么……!，如：

What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

What beautiful flowers they are!/ What bad weather!

How important a thing it is to keep our promise!