大学英语之阅读理解解题指导——细节题

细节题是每篇阅读理解中涉及较多的题型，主要考查考生对文章某一细节内容的把握。

1. 技巧点拨

(1)精确定位。根据题干或选项关键词(需重点注意人名、地名、年份、数字等标志词)定位到文章具体位置，并结合上下文逻辑关系分析，快速确定答案。

(2)运用复现策略。题目设计有时会避开原文词汇，而用其同义词、反义词或同根词设题。

*注意： a.对于是非判断题，需仔细审题，看清题目中问的是 True, Not true 还是 Except;

b.巧用排除法。当其中某一个选项无法判断正误时，可跳过该选项，直接判断其他几个选项的正误，通过排除的方式选出正确答案。

2. 典例示范

【Example 1】

When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.

Q: According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?

A. By solving the cost problems.

B. By solving the transportation problems.

C. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.

D. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.

【答案】D。解析：细节题。根据题干关键词 victims, in time 定位至文章所给段落的最后一句 Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.可知，联合国办事处可以在每个国家建立一个由甘于奉献的人组成的团体，他们可以迅速向自然灾害受灾群众提供援助。故答案选 D。题干中的 in time 与原文的 speedily 是同义转换;D 选项与文中 set up a body of devoted men and women in every country 属原词复现。

【Example 2】

Business, academic and civic leaders in Cambridge have warned that one of Britain’s major economic growth cities is under threat unless the government acts quickly to restore trust post-Brexit.Company executives and educationalists report some highly skilled foreign nationals quitting or refusing to commit to new jobs in Britain because of uncertainty over their future legal status here. It has in the past boasted of creating employment faster than China amid a boom in the technology and bioscience sectors, which led to the city being labelled “Silicon fen”, but now there are fears of a big slowdown.

Q: Why do these skilled foreign nationals choose not to work in Britain?

A. Because of the uncertainty.

B. Because of the economic slowdown after Britain leaving the EU.

C. Because of the increasing difficulty of finding a job in Britain.

D. Because they may lose legal status after Brexit.

【答案】D。解析：细节题。根据题干关键词 skilled foreign nationals 定位至第二段第一句...some highly skilled foreign nationals quitting or refusing to commit to new jobs in Britain because of uncertainty over their future legal status here.可知，是由于这些高级技术人员不确定英国脱欧之后自己能否拥有合法身份，所以辞职或不接受新工作。D 项与之最为接近，是定位句的同义表述。A 项过于空泛，并没有给出具体的原因。

【Example 3】

...

Para. 2: Still, says Dr. Ranit Mishori, of Georgetown University Hospital, many people believe it’s possible to become immune to colds. Unfortunately, she says, that’s not the case. “There are about 200 different viruses that cause the common cold and people think that once you get infected one time you develop immunity for the rest of your life. This is wrong,” she said.

Para. 3: There are many other common beliefs about colds that medical science does not support. How many of us believe the main cause of the common cold is exposure to cold temperatures? Even some studies have shown that people get sick more frequently during the winter.

Para. 4: But Dr. Mishori says it is not because of the cold weather. “It’s because people tend to get together and the way the common cold virus is transmitted from one person to another is through handshake, through sneezing, or through coughing on one another.”

Para. 5: While there is no actual cure for the common cold, Dr. Mishori says there are still a few things you can do to help reduce its duration and intensity. Though the medical community says Vitamin C does not help prevent colds, there is definitely some proof that it helps keep them from being as bad. “So if you catch a cold and you start taking about two grams of Vitamin C a day there is evidence that it might shorten the number of days that you will be suffering with these symptoms,” Dr. Mishori stated.

Q: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the common cold?

A. People are unlikely to be immune to colds.

B. The cold virus can be transmitted through touch.

C. People living in cold areas are more likely to catch cold.

D. No medicine has been found to cure colds at the present time.

【答案】C。解析：细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，以下关于普通感冒的哪一项是不正确的?该题需根据选项关键词定位原文。根据 A 项中的关键词 be immune to colds 定位至第二段最后“There are about 200 different viruses that cause the common cold and people think that once you get infected one time you develop immunity for the rest of your life. This is wrong,” she said.(“大约有 200 种不同的病毒可以引起普通感冒，人们认为一旦你感染了一次，之后就会对它产生免疫力。这是错误的，”她说)，由此可知，普通感冒可以由 200 多种病毒引起，得一次感冒就对感冒终身免疫这种想法是错误的，故 A 符合文意，可排除;根据 B 项中的关键词 cold virus 和 transmitted 定位至第四段最后一句话 It’s because people tend to get together and the way the common cold virus is transmitted from one person to another is through handshake,through sneezing, or through coughing on one another.(这是因为人们喜欢聚在一起，普通感冒病毒通过握手、打喷嚏或咳嗽从一个人传播到另一个人)，可知感冒是通过握手、打喷嚏和咳嗽传染的，故 B 符合文意，可排除;根据第三段和第四段内容可知，人们感冒并非由于天气寒冷，故 C 与文意不符，为本题答案。根据 D 项中的关键词 cure 定位至第五段第一句话 While there is no actual cure for the common cold,Dr. Mishori says there are still a few things you can do to help reduce its duration and intensity.(米歇里医生说，虽然目前还没有真正治愈感冒的方法，但仍有一些方法可以帮助缩短感冒的持续时间和强度)可知治疗普通感冒没有有效的方法，故 D 与文意相符，可排除。综上所述，答案选 C。