大学英语之阅读理解解题指导——推断题

推断题又可称为 infer 题型，题干中有 learn from/ infer/ illustrate/ conclude/ imply 等字眼。推理判断主要包括细节推断、结论推断和文章出处推断。

1. 技巧点拨

(1)细节推断：根据题干或选项关键词回原文定位，根据关键词附近信息进行推断。

(2)结论推断：把注意力放在最后一段，同时结合文章主旨分析，做出合理推断。

(3)出处推断：注意文章的体裁特点，内容或结构。

广告：用词和格式一般比较特殊，容易辨认;

产品说明：会介绍其名称、作用或操作方式等。

*注意： a.结合排除法，排除与原文不一致、原文没有提到及含有绝对词的选项;

b.先验证和文章主旨最接近的选项，正确选项一般和文章的主旨相关。

2. 典例示范

【Example 1】

Para. 2: Although Venus when nearest to the earth is 27.5 million miles away, it is always much nearer to the earth than any other planet. Its diameter (直径) is about 7726 miles. Venus revolves in its orbit (沿轨道旋转 ) around the sun in seven and one-half of our months, that is 225 of our

days. Because of its dense atmosphere,its brightness, and the absence of fixed markings, astronomers have not been able to agree upon the length of its day; observations support the view that the same hemisphere (半球) of Venus is always toward the sun.

Q: Which of the following can be learned from paragraph 2?

A. It takes Venus more time than the earth to make a circle around the sun.

B. Astronomers know clearly about the length of day on Venus.

C. The distance between Venus and the earth doesn’t vary.

D. Venus is the nearest planet neighbor of the earth.

【答案】D。解析：细节推断题。根据题干 paragraph 2 定位至第二段，然后再结合具体选项关键词回文定位。根据 A 项中的 around the sun 定位至文中第二段第三句 Venus revolves in its orbit (沿轨道旋转) around the sun in seven and one-half of our months, that is 225 of our days.，Venus 绕太阳一周为 225天，而实际上地球绕太阳一周的时间为 365 天或 366 天，所以 Venus(金星)绕太阳一周的时间要短于地球绕太阳一周的时间，故选项 A 错误;根据 B 项中的 astronomers 定位至文章第二段第四句 Because of  its dense atmosphere, its brightness, and the absence of fixed markings, astronomers have not been able to agree upon the length of its day;，由于 Venus(金星)浓厚的大气、明亮度和固定标记的缺失，天文学家对 Venus(金星)上的一天的长度并没有达成统一的意见，故排除 B;根据 C 项中的 distance 与 doesn’t vary 定位至文章第二段第一句话前半句 Although Venus when nearest to the earth is 27.5 million miles away“即使当金星离地球最近的时候是 2750 万英里……”，可知金星离地球的距离是变化的，故 C 选项错误。根据 D 项中的 the nearest planet 定位至文章第二段第一句后半句“… it is always much nearer to the earth than any other planet.”Venus(金星)与地球的距离要比其他行星都近，故选项 D 为正确答案。

【Example 2】

The birth of a baby in, for example, Hong Kong, imposes more than a hundred times the amount of stress on the world’s resources as a baby in India. Most people in India do not grow up to own cars or air-conditioners.Nor do they eat the huge amount of meat and fish that the Hong Kong child does. Their lifestyles do not require vast quantities of minerals and energy. Also, they are aware of the requirements of the land around them and tryto put something back into nature to replace what they take out.

Q: What can we learn from the passage?

A. Different lifestyles require similar quantities of resources.

B. A Hong Kong baby consumes more resources than an Indian baby.

C. Hong Kong doesn’t have as many resources as India.

D. Most people in India are born in poverty.

【答案】B。解析：结论推断题。题干中没有明确的关键词，结合选项关键词 lifestyles, Hong Kong,India 可知答案锁定在所给段落。根据该段前三句可知，一个香港出生的婴儿带给世界的资源压力会比一个印度出生的婴儿所带来的压力多 100 倍。在印度，大多数人长大后不会拥有汽车或空调，他们也不像香港孩子那样消耗大量的肉和鱼。由此可以推断出，一个香港的婴儿消耗的资源比印度婴儿多。故 B项正确。根据该段倒数第二句可知，印度人的生活方式不需要大量的矿物质和能源，他们与香港人的生活方式不同，香港人消耗的资源更多，所以 A 项错误;C、D 选项属无中生有，故排除。

【Example 3】

Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems.While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.

…

Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor,Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.

Q: The text is most probably a _______.

A. science news report

B. book review

C. newspaper ad

D. science fiction story

【答案】A。解析：出处推断题。根据文章第一段可知，科学家们正在寻找使电池更小但更强大的方法，但当这些电池比设备本身更大更重时，问题就会出现。密苏里大学的研究人员正在开发一种更小、更轻、更高效的核能源;最后一段再次提到，Kwon 和 J. David Robertson 正一起努力制造和测试电池。在未来，他们希望增加电池的功率，缩小它的尺寸，并尝试使用各种其他材料。综合全文可知，这是一篇科学新闻报道。报道了一种超薄的新能源电池的研究近况。由此看出 A 项正确。