甘肃专升本英语时态的种类（4）

甘肃专升本英语时态的种类（2）

7. 过去完成时

表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之，过去完成时所表示的

时间是“过去的过去”。过去完成时在句中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动

作与其相比较，使用过去完成时的动词动作发生在该过去的动作之前。

构成：had done

（1）表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。

He had shut the door before the dog came up.

She had left by the time I arrived.

（2）表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继

续下去。

At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.

He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.

（3）与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：

by (yesterday), by then, by the end of, already, just, once, ever, never, for, since 或者由 when,

before, after 等引出状语从句。

He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.

The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.

After I had put on my shoes and hat, I walked into the darkness.

8. 过去将来时

表示从过去某一时间看将来发生或预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

构成：would/should do; was/were going to do; was/were (about) to do

（1）相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态

He told me he would go to Beijing.

（2）表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作，用 were/was going+动词原形。

They were going to start a new job when I saw them then.

（3）go, come, leave, arrive, start 等位移动词，其过去进行时表示过去将来时。

（4）与过去将来时连用的时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day)等。

Tom told me (that) he would go swimming the next day.

（三）易混时态对比

1. 一般过去时 VS 现在完成时

现在完成时表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；

一般过去时强调动作发生在过去，与现状不发生联系。如：

We haven’t seen him since last year.

We didn’t see him last year.

She has lived in Paris for twenty years.

She lived in Paris for twenty years.

2. 现在完成时 VS 现在完成进行时

现在完成时与 for 和 since 连用时也可强调持续性，除此之外，现在完成时主要表示完

成，强调动作的结果或对现在的影响；现在完成进行时强调过去发生的动作一直在进行，重

点强调动作的持续性，这个动作到此刻仍未结束或刚刚结束。如：

Helen has read a book about Stonehenge.

Helen has been reading a book about Stonehenge.

We’ve been hunting for you everywhere.

（四）沙场大点兵

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