甘肃专升本英语时态的种类（3）

甘肃专升本英语时态的种类（3）

5. 过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段内正在进行的动作。

构成：was/were doing

（1）表示过去某时正在进行的动作。

He was preparing his lecture at 11:00 last night.

（2）表示过去某一阶段内习惯性的动作。

He was getting up at five every day that week.

注意：该用法的过去进行时表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作，常与 always

等频度副词连用，表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。

He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.

（3）表示一个动作在另一个过去动作发生时进行，或者两个过去进行时动作同时发生。

Father was watching TV while mother was cooking supper.

（4）表示过去将来时。（用法同现在进行时）

某些位移动词，如 go, come, leave, stay, start, begin 等，常用其过去进行时表过去将来时，

表示按照计划安排即将发生的动作。

He said he was leaving for Beijing the next day.

（5）与过去进行时连用的时间状语有：

then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight), yesterday (morning)，以及由 when/ while 引

出的时间状语从句。

He was cooking supper this time yesterday.

The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.

6. 现在完成时

现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作，或表示开始在过去，并且

一直延续到现在，甚至还可能延续下去的动作。

构成：has/have done

（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话时已完成的动作。常与时间状语

already, yet, just, once, twice, ever, never, three times, before 连用。

He has just gone to England.

I have never seen such fine pictures before.

（2）表示开始在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能延续下去的动作，常和“for...”,

“since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。

I have been away from my hometown for three years.

= I have been away from my hometown since three years ago.

（3）表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”

表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”

— Where is Mr. Li?

— He has gone to the UK.

I have been to Beijing three times. 。

（4）瞬间动词

在完成时中，瞬间性动词（一次性动作）不能与表示一段时间的状语连用（不能说 He has

joined the army for three years.或 How long have you borrowed the book?）。若想表达这样的说

法，可采用两种方式：

一是使用下面这个句型：

It is / has been +（多久）+ since + 主语（人）+谓语（过去时）+…。如：

It is/has been three years since he joined the army.

二是将瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词，如：

How long have you kept the book?

这本书我能借多久？（句子中 keep 取代了 borrow）

常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：

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