大学英语之非谓语动词

非谓语动词考查频率较高，要求考生重点掌握非谓语动词的基本用法及固定搭配。

1. 非谓语动词的基本用法

非谓语动词的基本用法：

1.不定式：常表目的、结果、将来

2.动名词：具有名词的特征(一般在名词前或句首)

3.现在分词：表示主动、进行和伴随状态等

4.过去分词：表示被动和完成

【知识点拨】

1. to be done、being done 和 done 的区别

The question to be discussed tomorrow is very important.(表被动、将来)

The question being discussed now is very important.(表被动、进行)

The question discussed yesterday is very important.(表被动、完成)

2. 逻辑主语与语态、时态关系的综合运用

Seeing from the hill, we find the city very beautiful.(主动)

Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful.(被动)

Having finished his work, he began to watch TV.(finish 发生在 began 之前)

Given more time, he will do the work better.(被动关系)

解题步骤：

针对该类考点，解题时可参考以下步骤：

(1)查成分。判断整个句子是否有谓语动词，在不缺谓语的情况下，选非谓语动词，即不定式、现在分词、过去分词或动名词;

(2)定语态。确定要填的非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系是主动还是被动;

(3)筛时态。结合语境确定非谓语动词的时态。

2. 非谓语动词的固定用法

三步走并不适合所有非谓语的试题，比如固定搭配 have no choice but to do 结构中只能用 to do。下面是常接 doing、to do 以及接 sb./sth. to do 的情况，考生需要积累记忆。

(1)动词+to do：

decide/determine, learn, want, expect/ hope;refuse, manage, wish, pretend;

offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/ beg, help 等

记忆口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装;主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

(2)动词+sb./sth. +to do：

如：want, get, wish, expect, ask, tell, order, command, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade,allow, prepare,cause, force, drive, forbid, encourage, call on, wait for, invite, teach, remind, request, prefer, train, warn 等

注：特殊动词常跟不带 to 的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态后，不定式的 to 不能省略。这类特殊动词有：

记忆口诀：

五看三使役：see/look/watch/notice/observe, make/let/have

二听一感半帮助：hear/listen to, feel, (to) help

主动 to 字要离去，被动 to 字要回府。

(3)动词+doing：

consider, suggest/ advise, look forward to, excuse/ pardon; admit, succeed in, delay/ put off;

avoid, miss, keep/ keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate;

forbid, imagine, risk; can’t help, mind, allow/ permit, escape 等

记忆口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认成功要推迟。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。

(4)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel 等(以 see 为例)

see sb./sth. doing sth 看见……正在做

see sb./sth. do sth 看见……做了

(5)使役动词 make, have

make sb./sth. do 让……做

make sb./sth. done 让……被做

have sb./sth. do 让……做某事

have sb./sth. doing 让……持续做某事

have sb./sth. done 让……被做

(6)固定搭配 leave, keep, find

leave sb./sth. doing    让……处于某种状态

keep sb./sth. doing     使……一直做

keep sb./sth. done     使……被(表示被动且完成，或表示状态)

find sb./sth. doing    发现……正在做某事

find sb./sth. done    发现……已经(表示完成或状态)